What is Oxybutynin?
Oxybutynin is a drug used for the treatment of nocturnal voiding disorders. The product ingredient is Oxybutynin chloride .
The brand names of Oxybutynin in the United States are: Ditropan, Oxytrol, Gelnique and Ditropan XL.
Oxybutynin Mechanism of Action (MOA)
Competitive acetylcholine antagonist at the level of the post-ganglionic muscarinic receptor, resulting in a relaxation of the smooth muscles of the bladder.
Therapeutic Indications, Uses, Benefits and Dosage of Oxybutynin
Oral dose
Adults: 5 mg 3 times/day.
In case of nocturnal mictional disorders: 15 mg/day in a single dose at the end of the day. Increase to a maximum of 5 mg 4 times/day for a clinical response, if side effects are well tolerated. After the initial control, a reduced maintenance dose may be introduced.
Children > 5 years: 5 mg/2 times a day (spaced at least 4 h).
Transdermal
Patch: apply a patch on abdomen, hip or buttocks 2 times/week (every 3 or 4 days), do not apply 2 patches in the same place (1 patch contains 36 mg of oxybutynin, releases a nominal rate of 3.9 mg/24 h).
Mode of administration of Oxybutynin
Oral use
– Tablet: The taste is not pleasant, and should be swallowed whole or divided with half a glass of water/liquid.
Transdermal use
– Transdermal patch: apply on dry and healthy skin, on the abdomen, hip or buttocks, immediately after removing it from the protective packaging.
Contraindications of Oxybutynin
- Hypersensitivity to oxybutynin.
- Bladder obstruction that may trigger urinary retention.
- Obstructive gastrointestinal disorders, intestinal atony or paralytic ileus.
- Toxic megacolon.
- Severe ulcerative colitis.
- Myasthenia gravis.
- Narrow-angle glaucoma or in patients with shallow anterior chamber.
Warnings and precautions with Oxybutynin
Liver failure, renal failure, elderly, gastrointestinal obstructive disorders, bladder obstruction, hypothyroidism, CHF, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary heart disease, hypotension, prostatic hypertrophy, autonomic neuropathy, cognitive impairment, Parkinson’s disease, hiatal hernia/gastroesophageal reflux and/or concomitant with bisphosphonates.
Risk of anticholinergic effects of CNS (e.g., hallucinations, agitation, confusion, blurred vision, drowsiness), monitor, especially in the first few months of starting treatment or increasing dosage.
Stop treatment or reduce the dose if anticholinergic effects of the CNS appear. Risk of dental caries, periodontitis or oral candidiasis (oxybutyn may lead to a decrease in saliva secretion).
Situations that could raise body temperature (fever or high ambient temperatures) can lead to heat prostration due to reduced sweating.
Risk of infection, if there is urinary tract infection establish an appropriate antibacterial treatment.
Not recommended in < 5 years and precautions > 5 years.
Liver failure
Caution.
Kidney failure
Caution.
Interactions with Oxybutynin
- Plasma concentration increased by: ketoconazole, fluconazole, erythromycin.
- Activity increased by: amantadine, biperidene, levodopa, phenothiazines, butyrophenones, clozapine, quinidine, tricyclic antidepressants, atropine, dipyridamole.
- Increases frequency or severity of dry mouth, constipation and drowsiness with other anticholinergics.
- Potency drowsiness caused by alcohol.
- Antagonizes effects of stimulants of gastrointestinal motility.
Pregnancy and Oxybutynin
There is not enough data. Not to be used unless clearly necessary. Animal studies have shown minimal reproductive toxicity.
Breastfeeding
A small amount is excreted per breast milk. Therefore, breastfeeding during the use of oxybutynin is not recommended.
Effects on driving ability
May cause drowsiness or blurred vision, the patient should be advised to be cautious when performing activities that require a state of mental alertness, such as driving vehicles, using machines or performing dangerous work.
Adverse reactions and side effects of Oxybutynin
Asthenia. Dry mouth, constipation, nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, dysgeusia, flatulence.
Confusional state; dizziness, headache, drowsiness; atrial arrhythmia, nodal arrhythmia, supraventricular extrasystolism.
Blurred vision, dry eyes; difficulty urinating, urinary retention, hematuria, nocturia, pyuria.
Pharyngitis; flushing; dry skin.
Itching and dermatitis in the area of application (patches).
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ VIDEO OF OXYBUTYNIN/DITROPAN (DRUG)
Source: The content of this active ingredient has been written taking into account the clinical and molecular information of all medicines authorised and marketed in the United States under the Unique Ingredient Identifier (UNII) by the Substance Registration System (SRS) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the United States Pharmacopeia (USP).
In order to know in detail the information authorized by the FDA for each drug, you should consult the corresponding medication guide authorized by the FDA.
Resources:
UNII: K9P6MC7092
ChemIDplus
DrugPortal
PubChem CID: 4634
NCI Thesaurus: C47647